Media and Governmental Control free essay sample

An investigation of the control of the media by verifiable and dictatorial governments. This paper takes a gander at the media alongside the control of media frames by recorded and oppressive governments, for example, Stalins system and Nazi Germany. The paper likewise examines how the media can be utilized to mishandle open issues and gives a proposal of more grounded laws to perhaps bring a few media offices into line. Until the administrations really spread out unbending rules for media offices there will consistently be intrusion of protection issues, offensive acts and breaks in national security, until such time there will be increasingly more roundabout control of the media by governments. In any case, it must be focused on that these unbending laws must not be all controlling and non thoughtful to the columnists need to report the realities and truth, the law ought not deny this for once truth is denied we lose our capacity of the opportunity of the press totally. We will compose a custom article test on Media and Governmental Control or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page

Closing the Gap Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Shutting the Gap - Article Example Various advances have been spread out to aid the accomplishment of authoritative presentation, which implies that they should be followed and checked near permit associations better their activities. Practices in the association should be in accordance with the detailed technique to permit appropriate progression of activities. The five-advance program is planned for guaranteeing associations have a major method of arriving at their representatives. This is through handing-off a definitive objectives which the association is focusing on, which need better dynamic aptitudes and correspondence channels. A key pilot is the thing that the five-advance program is distinguished as and brings to center the foreseen presentation that associations focus on in their collection. Distinctive administration rehearses are additionally tended to in the five-advance procedure, which may permit administrators to carry legitimate union to forefront representatives. Chiefs guarantee the exhibition misf ortune between procedure definition and technique usage can be tackled through correspondence and system execution rehearses (Knowles, 2011). The article sums up the five-advance program, also called the key pilot. ... Conveying the defined technique in a way in which partners can comprehend makes it workable for them to analyze the relationship among's methodology and the organization’s achievement. Demonstrating that the technique is focused on more than the money related ability and remaining of the association is critical in helping the usage of procedures in the association. The subsequent stage includes choosing the perfect measure of data that might be helpful when contrasted with taking care of a lot of information. This progression helps with choosing the most noteworthy need in the association, and managing it (Knowles, 2011). The third step includes posting key targets to decide the effect and center of each procedure. The higher weighted goals can be set in more elevated levels in the posting while the lighter targets can be put in lower postings. These postings help with making an interpretation of procedure into execution as the most noteworthy needs get the acknowledgment they merit. In the fourth step, methodologies are put at the focal point of the administration rehearses. The purpose for this is initiative in the association is locked in, and the key administration process develops. The presentation results direct the association to process improvement, which may ensure authoritative achievement. The methodology attempts to send methodologies starting from the top, and arrangements are constructed just where they can increase the value of the association (Knowles, 2011). At last, the fifth step/approach centers around helping organizations become procedure based associations. This is through assessing all the above methodologies and appropriately executing their utilization. Basically expressing the expectations behind such methodologies isn't sufficient to ensure the organization’s achievement. This implies all methodologies have

New Lenders Market Loans to Renters - OppLoans

New Lenders Market Loans to Renters - OppLoans New Lenders Market Loans to RentersInside Subprime: May 29, 2019By Lindsay FrankelInsufficient income and unpredictable schedules and pay pose a problem for renters as rent prices skyrocket and wages remain stagnant. The phenomenon has spurred the growth of loan companies marketing their products specifically to people who are having trouble paying rent, the Wall Street Journal reports. Many lenders now have relationships with property management companies and assist residents with loans to pay their rent.The problem with taking out a loan to pay rent is that many people find the interest rates unaffordable when they are already struggling to make ends meet. This raises some concern about repeat borrowing. However, most of these loans provide a lower cost alternative to renters who might otherwise use more costly forms of borrowing, such as payday loans. Risky payday loans carry an average APR of almost 400 percent that makes it difficult for borrowers to get out of debt. Loans marke ted to renters carry much lower interest rates and longer terms.For example, one property management company, which manages corporate rentals in Los Angeles and Atlanta, lets tenants use loans from its partner vendor to pay rent. They can take out a loan to cover up to 3 months rent with a 12 month term. The loan is interest-free for the first six months, followed by a rate of 15â€"17 percent. That’s a far cry from the interest rate charged on a payday loan in Los Angeles.Median rent in the U.S. peaked in the first quarter of 2019, according to Census Bureau data; the median asking rent was $1,006. As renters attempt to cope, theyll continue to seek safe access to credit.Learn more about payday loans, scams, and cash advances by  checking out our  city and state financial guides, including Alabama,  Birmingham,  Huntsville, Mobile and  Montgomery.Visit  OppLoans  on  YouTube  |  Facebook  |  Twitter  |  LinkedIn

The Lessons Can Be Taught Essay - 1622 Words

Taking guitar lessons can be fun, yet challenging. It is beneficial to find a teacher for one on one classes or drop classes to start learning the basics. In this article we will list a few places you can take lessons. A2G Sharp Guitar is a great place for lessons. There philosophy is simple Learn and have fun! They teach a balanced approach to mastering the guitar. They teach the basic fundamentals of the guitar all the way up to advanced. This place comes highly recommended for lessons. For more information contact Glen West at 602-467-0567, Email: info@GuitarLessonsPhoenix.com. Arizona Music Academy is another great place. They teach a variety of instruments with group and one on one classes too. They teach all skill levels and types of learners. They also offer summer camps and different activities. They have very skilled teachers in all different areas of music. For more information contact 480-705-0875. Arizona Guitar Lessons instructors have been teaching over 4o year. They have experience and the skills to get you to where you want to be in guitar playing. They teach all types of music genres including: Rock, Blues, Country, Folk, Pop, Bluegrass, and Christian/Gospel. There fees are very reasonable and are located in Scottsdale. For more information visit their website at www.azguitarlessons.com. Arizona Music Pro is a great place for lessons. Arizona Music Pro offers beginner to advanced acoustic or electric guitar for kids and adults, classical guitar, andShow MoreRelatedClassroom Management Techniques And Tips For Misbehaving Students Essay973 Words   |  4 Pagesobserving in 3rd/4th split classroom. I was placed with Ms. Gund. She as an excellent teacher, who taught me a lot in my short three months of observing her. Throughout the three months, I learned a few things. The favorite thing I learned about is about classroom management techniques and tips for misbehaving students. Ms. Gund was able to keep the student’s attention, create f un and unique lessons, and motivate students to do their work. She did not let teaching two grades at once stop her fromRead MoreEvaluation Of The Post Assessment1397 Words   |  6 Pagesdata results to display a score for each lesson taught as well a total score for the entire test, for each student. This way, there is a clear result of student understanding of standards and objectives in each section of the post test, organized by the lessons that were taught. Based on the student scores, there is a balance of understanding throughout the post assessment, for all lessons. Although there seems to be a balance of understanding for each lesson, almost all students scored full pointsRead MoreObservation And Reflection Of The Classroom881 Words   |  4 PagesObservation and Reflection Students can enhance their lives with the ability to find and seek knowledge being taught language arts. Creating the foundation to be successful in life includes have the capabilities to analyze, read, and write. When a student is prepared with the ability to comprehend languages, words and interacting on various heights, they have the authority to exceed in their elected journey. During the observation, difficulties, techniques, and successes were viewed in regards toRead MoreModels Professional Behavior That Reflects Honesty, Integrity, And Respect1504 Words   |  7 PagesLiace, about concerns I had about my preclinical placement and to ask for advice. Integrity is a synonym of honesty, but does not include how I follow my moral principles. I have stuck with my moral principles by being the best teacher candidate I can be to represent myself and to represent Benedictine University. I believe what separates between a good teacher candidate and a great teacher candidate is how m uch effort and time one is willing to work with their cooperating teacher and with studentsRead MoreAnalysis Of Jamaica Kincaid s Girl1543 Words   |  7 Pagesof the most difficult things a person can be. Being a woman that is respected by her peers and by men is even more challenging. There are specific rules that women are expected to live by everyday, in order to fulfill the task of being an â€Å"acceptable† woman in the eyes of society. In Jamaica Kincaid’s short story â€Å"Girl†, she illustrates a mother teaching her daughter the rules of life for a woman. Though this story was written in 1978 and takes place in what can be assumed as a predominantly African-AmericanRead MoreMy Last Semester At Mink Shoals1178 Words   |  5 Pages For my last semester of observing before student teaching, I was placed at Mink Shoals in a fifth grade class. I was placed with Miss Whitten. She is an amazing teacher who has taught me many valuable lessons. Miss Whitten has been at a variety of schools and classrooms so your management techniques and basic skills were great. I spent about one-hundred hours in her classroom. I got to know her, and all of her students very well. Being at Mink Shoals was the first time I had the opportunity toRead MoreThe Role of Childrens Books in Education Essay1573 Words   |  7 Pageslearning that they need. Since no one parent or person can correctly show children all things and since children need some entertaining people have taken the opportunities to put together books and childrens programs to aid in the education of the children. From parent seminars, to books and movies, to even games consoles, children are not only being taught the basic concepts of the world, shapes, colors, language, but they are also being taught the norms and values of a particular society. ThisRead MoreComputer Aided Learning And Ict Tools Essay1593 Words   |  7 Pagescomputer aided learning and ICT tools can effectively be implemented in the classroom. 1.0 INTRODUCTION In this chapter the researcher focused on the background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study as well as the researchquestions. The significance and limitations of the study were also highlighted in this chapter. Key terms were also defined in this chapter. The study seeks to find ways in which computer aided learning and ICT tools can effectively be implemented in the classroomRead MoreMy Family Essay1545 Words   |  7 Pagesfamily instilled many values that we try to adhere to. Consequently, it is significant objective for   me to strive to be the very best I can be. Every day I desire to improve myself rendering the lessons from my parents and family. Understandably, I am very fortunate to have supportive family and friends.  Ã‚   My family has shaped me into who I am because they taught me their values and goals in life. For example, my family values include religion, education, and treating people how you want to be treatedRead MoreDescribe The Math Concept Taught1248 Words   |  5 PagesDescribe the math concept taught. The math concept that this lesson taught the students was geometry. The lesson featured a variety of shapes, including both 2D and 3D. For the majority of the students, the lesson even introduced right angles. b. What teaching strategies does the teacher use and how do those strategies change as they progress through the lesson? During this lesson, the teacher used a variety of strategies. First she started the lesson out as a whole group lesson and reviewed the concept

The family and media are two institutions that influence...

The family and media are two institutions that influence one’s attitude of sexuality, and consequently sexual behaviors. Of importance is the discussion between parents and adolescents attitudes regarding sex. Interestingly, individuals begin to perceive themselves as sexual beings during the age of adolescence, yet little research has been done on sexual behavior in relation to identity formation (Chapman and Werner-Wilson, 2008). However, Chapman and Werner-Wilson found a low but significant negative correlation between parental influence and adolescent attitude regarding sex (2008). As parental influence and discussion regarding sex increased, adolescents attitudes regarding sex became negative in tone, expressing less comfort†¦show more content†¦Media Influence Media such as television, Internet and social media (e.g., facebook, twitter), can lead to adolescent acquisition of information on safe sex behaviors. As of 2001, 75% of adolescents had used the Internet to gain information about health behaviors, with sexual health information ranking in the top three information searches; with the increasing influence of technology, that number is rapidly growing. (Gray, N., Klein, J., Noyce, P.R., Sesselberg, T.S., Cantrill, J.A., 2005). Women were found to have a higher rate of searching for health information online then men, but no noticeable difference was detected among public and private school student users. This latter finding emphasizes no significance in socioeconomic status in utilizing the Internet to search for health information among youth (Gray, N., Klein, J., Noyce, P.R., Sesselberg, T.S., Cantrill, J.A., 2005). Despite the controversy over media as a source of productive and credible information regarding sexual behavior, Ward, et al. (2006) found that â€Å"60% of teens surveyed said that they learned how to say â€Å"no† to a sexual situation by watching television, and 43% said they learned something about how to talk to a partner about safer sex. In fact, many adolescents cited the Internet as good for looking up basicShow MoreRelatedSex Education in Nigeria7622 Words   |  31 Pagesweb. Page 1 1AFRICA REGIONAL SEXUALITY RESOURCE CENTRE Understanding Human Sexuality Seminar Series 3Sexuality Education in Nigeria: Evolution, Challenges and Prospects ADUNOLA ADEPOJU (PhD) Department of Arts and Social Sciences Faculty of Education University of Lagos Nigeria Lagos, Nigeria March 24, 2005  © ARSRC 2005 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Page 2 2Introduction Ancient theories and ideologies about sexuality, circled around the power ofRead MoreSociology Exam Study Guide3121 Words   |  13 Pages ââ€" ª Thanksgiving Ex: women cleaning up vs. men watching football. ââ€" ª Families teach infants( adults ââ€" ª School, church, way girls behave, way boys behave ââ€" ª Interdependent ââ€" ª Not accidently; on purpose ââ€" ª Social norms we have to follow ââ€" ª Which we don’t think about. ââ€" ª Interdependent (relying on someone else) ââ€" ª Family (rely on family) ââ€" ª We eat someone else’s food (don’t grow our own food) Read MoreFilipino Adolescents in Changing Times*10342 Words   |  42 Pagesfrom the family planning and population control to the reproductive health (RH) and rights framework has not been generally effective and efficient for many reasons. These include a lack of common understanding of the action requirements of the RH framework and an insufficiency of current and relevant data on many aspects of the reproductive health situation of Filipino women and men of various ages and socio-economic status. Serious data gaps exist in the areas of adolescent sexuality, greaterRead MoreEssay on Negative Consequences of Gender Role Stereotyping3050 Words   |  13 Pagessociety perceives their sexes). These gender roles limit what both males and females can and cannot do. Gender roles enslave individuals and force them to be what others want them to be. They are perpetuated and reinforced by the mass media and society in general many ways, some which are obvious and others which are more subtle. In many societies, there is a strong tendency to exaggerate these gender roles, and it seems to frequently jump from a valid observation to a Read Moreâ€Å"Level of Sexual Awareness, Perception and Involvement of Tertiary Students in Higher Education Institutions in Cavite†4706 Words   |  19 PagesWith these, some adolescents engage in genital plays that may lead to sexual intercourse. One of the reasons of the rapid increase in population is the involvement of young adults to premarital sex. According to the 2002 Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality Study by the University of the Philippines Population Institute (UPPI) and the Demographic Research and Development Foundation, 26 percent of our Filipino youth nationwide from ages 15 to 25 admitted to having a premarital sex experience. SexualRead MoreThe Effects Of Teen Pregnancy On Lower Ses Adolescents3260 Words   |  14 Pageschildbearing until after age 20 .Low ses greater risk of becoming teenager pregnant and influence the development of both the course and persistence in antenatal depression and PPD and ) reported that the presences of depressive symptoms was associated with Black race, unmarried status, poor family background low educational attainment low monthly income, and receipt of assistance through Aid to Families with Dependent Children, food stamps, or WIC. Inadequate social support assert that no socialRead MoreGender and Power Relations2406 Words   |  10 Pageswriters in the field of religion, ethnicity and gender relations The most accepted definition for the term patriarchy is the social structure of society based on the father having primary responsibility for the welfare of and authority over their families. Patriarchy does not mean that all men are powerful and women are powerless, but it does indicate that the most powerful roles are held mostly by men. According to Johnson (2005) positions of authority are held by men due to their ability to exertRead MoreImpact of Socio-Economic and Cultural Changes on the Personality Development of Adolescents8858 Words   |  36 Pagesas the significant alteration of social structures (patterns of action and interaction) including consequences and manifestations of such structures embodied in norms, values, cultural products and symbols. It occurs in families, communities, nations and in all social institutions. More importantly, it is observed with greater concern that these changes are creating an overwhelming and unimaginable gap with unprecedented and inc reasing velocity within the generations. 2. The middle aged generationsRead MoreInfluence of Hollywood films on the moral Values of Nigerian youths5511 Words   |  23 PagesCHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The mass media exert great persuasive effects on the thoughts and behaviors, by encouraging people into new lifestyle patterns, fashion, etc. Among all media, films play a major role in affecting the thinking pattern of the society (Evra, 1990). Films also referred to as motion pictures, involves projecting a series of images into the screen to create an illusion of motion. It is one of the most popular forms of entertainment, enabling peopleRead MoreReview For Exam 22476 Words   |  10 Pagesreappraisal of the costs and benefits of criminal activity. Its not just aging that brings on desistance, but also the fear of punishment of being charged as an adult, rather than a juvenile. Crime is onset according to one’s peer relationships while it is desisted according to one’s peer relationships. Life course accounts of desistance asserts that there are multiple pathways to desistance which are consistent with the idea of informal social control. Examples like work, marriage, and community.

Analysis Of Lauryn Hill Mystery Of Iniquity - 1347 Words

Kane Smith Smith1 Nov.14.2017 Eng. 102 Lauryn Hill Lauryn Hill was and still is an iconic individual of the African American Hip Hop genre. She is known for her enlightening lyrics and historical puns that resonate with her listeners. During a time where blacks were being served with the injustice of society and being defied the moral code of citizenship, Ms. Hill released a song-like poem that not only told our story but spread the message of frustration and struggle so those without a voice can be heard. â€Å"Mystery of Iniquity† is poem that transcribes three main topics and unifies†¦show more content†¦It’s the mystery of iniquity Said It’s the misery of inequit Said it’s the misery of inequity When it all†¦ All falls down†¦ Telling you all†¦. It all falls down (Hill) The above text is the hook to the poem â€Å"Mystery of Iniquity† Before going in depth with the first piece of the poem; something stands out in the first two stanzas: â€Å"iniquity† and â€Å"inequity†. According to Webster’s dictionary, inquity is defined as â€Å"gross injustice; a wicked act or thing† and inequity is defined as â€Å"injustice, unfairness; an instance of injustice or unfairness† (Merriam-Webster) Here Ms. Hill sets the tone for the rest of the poem. She explains that the unfairness of iniquity and inequity is a miserable feeling. She is talking directly to those that share her unfortunate circumstances of being treated unfairly in a state of misery. The pre verse that follows the hook brings the topic of religion into view. The first four lines in the pre-verse symbolize Biblical meaning and give way to religious pretext. The verse says Smith3 â€Å"Children†¦Eat your bread. Little children†¦eat your bread† In the Bible, the â€Å"bread† is symbolic of truth. In John 6:35 there is a story of Jesus speaking to his people. He does not give physical food but He says â€Å"I am the bread of life. He who comes to MeShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Lauryn Hill Mystery Of Iniquity1321 Words   |  6 PagesAlexandra Newton Dr. Dubose English 102 November 13, 2017 Paper One: Mystery of Iniquity Lauryn Hill once said, â€Å"Truth comes, but we can’t not hear it when we’ve been programmed to fear it? Lauryn Hill, a songwriter, singer and rapper from New Jersey expresses her strong emotion on the justice and legal system in her song, Mystery of Iniquity. The Mystery of Iniquity is a verse taken from the bible; 2 Thessalonians 2:7. The word iniquity means immoral or grossly unfair behavior. In her song, she exposes

National Honor Society Essay Example For Students

National Honor Society Essay The purpose of national honor society essay The National Honor Society essay is a required piece of writing for graduate students who are eager to become a significant part of this reputable and august club. It is not easy to contribute to this school. You ought to show beyond doubt that you are filled with solid perseverance and personal traits to bring something valuable to this gathering. The primary objective of the National Honor Society essay is to present a member-to-be from his personal side. It is where you talk about achievements, goals, character, guidance features, marks at school, and even your teacher’s influence on you. That is why the applicant has to pay attention to the primary requirements which the Honor Society puts in front of students. The following NHS Scholarship Essay Example has to help you understand how to write this NHS essay. It is well-structured and grammatically correct. However, don’t try to copy the entire data from the text below. The key is to write a story about yourself, and character. This NHS Scholarship Application Example is only for you to take in how to write the structure and overall idea. When you begin preparing your NHS essay, listen to your heart, and make this National Honor Society essay perfect. National honor society essay example When I was chosen by my English teacher to become the applicant for the Honor Society participant, I was not shocked or surprised. Before this offer, I was doing a lot to gain that desired chance. Now when I am writing this National Honor Society essay, I feel proud and confident more than ever. This proves that hard work does pay off in due course. I am convinced that I can become a significant part of this amazing group because I am circumspect, goal-oriented, and my personal traits of the character such as guidance, educational honesty, and intelligence will be counted positively by the committee. Since studying at school, I tried to do my best to get the highest grade. My parents taught me that hard work would show the high result in grades and reputation. I am glad that I listened to them, and did spend a day wasting my school time. When I entered college, I heard about the possibility of becoming the National Honor Campus representative. After that, I could not stop dreaming about becoming a part of this integrated society. My academic performance started to grow higher year by year. Currently, I have my GPA of 3.9 which I consider pretty high. Also, I was engaged in educational competitions and olympiads with the specialization in Maths and Physics. These subjects are extremely interesting to me. Last year I was the runner-up at our central campus educational challenge of the combined subjects. Studying is not the only thing that I am proud of. In addition to that, I am an active participant of our campus regarding the college life. My teacher once said that she did not know how I could manage both aspects of life: studying and social role. However, it was a challenge for me which I took with respect. I have organized a local sports team of baseball which have already won several prizes. It takes much time to practice, and sometimes I feel that my team becomes frustrated. It is where I start showing my leadership qualities. I tell them lots of motivational words which inspire them for the next games. They are thankful for this emotional spur because the leader’s role is to make the team close-knit. My personal trait of being a reliable person helps me to share the vision with my friends. Anytime we have conflicts, I try to find the compromise which returns us to the reality where we should fight for the cup together. .ua870ce15809fe28231b991ef33d16204 , .ua870ce15809fe28231b991ef33d16204 .postImageUrl , .ua870ce15809fe28231b991ef33d16204 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua870ce15809fe28231b991ef33d16204 , .ua870ce15809fe28231b991ef33d16204:hover , .ua870ce15809fe28231b991ef33d16204:visited , .ua870ce15809fe28231b991ef33d16204:active { border:0!important; } .ua870ce15809fe28231b991ef33d16204 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua870ce15809fe28231b991ef33d16204 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua870ce15809fe28231b991ef33d16204:active , .ua870ce15809fe28231b991ef33d16204:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua870ce15809fe28231b991ef33d16204 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua870ce15809fe28231b991ef33d16204 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua870ce15809fe28231b991ef33d16204 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua870ce15809fe28231b991ef33d16204 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua870ce15809fe28231b991ef33d16204:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua870ce15809fe28231b991ef33d16204 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua870ce15809fe28231b991ef33d16204 .ua870ce15809fe28231b991ef33d16204-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua870ce15809fe28231b991ef33d16204:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Rate of the Reaction of Catechol to Benzoquino EssayIn this National Honor Society essay, I also want to talk about my volunteering experience. Two years ago I organized a group called â€Å"Play Games with Kids.† We visit the hospital were kids have problems with health. We talk with them trying to distract from the negative thoughts. If possible, we organize small games which are mainly intellectual once because children cannot leave the hospital for some outdoor activities. We see hope in the kids’ eyes because all they need is a good mood and belief in future. During the games, they feel inspired and even forget about the terrible illness. From my per spective, it is our responsibility to be that active representative of the local district. We are the one team which has to stay together for improving the surrounding world. I am convinced that I have managed to prove that my traits are suitable for the ones you require in this NHS essay. Even if I do not become the indispensable part of this illustrious organization, I will continue my involvement in volunteering, sport, academic development. However, becoming the member of the National Honor Group will only prove that I have chosen the right way.

Diagnosis in Child Psychopathology

Diagnosis is an important tool in the medical profession and it is used in a broad spectrum of settings. In psychology, diagnosis precedes treatment and management of mental disorders. The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders has been providing guidelines for making diagnoses of various mental disorders (Lloyd-Richardson 3; Muehlenkamp and Gutierrez 62).Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Diagnosis in Child Psychopathology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The latest edition is DSM-V, which has made great improvements in enhancing the diagnosis of children and mental disorders that affect adolescents. The newly published edition of DSM made important updates on the disorder criteria in a way that better deals with the experiences and symptoms of children. Instead of separating childhood disorders, it demonstrates how they can develop further in life and affect the developmental continuum. Nonetheless, some children and adolescent disorders have not been captured in the new edition manual. Given a chance to be in the committee for a new edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, I would include non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) as a new child/adolescent disorder. The rationale for my diagnosis would be that NSSI is a personality disorder that affects adolescents and young adults. This rationale is based on the recent increase of this disorder in many adolescents and the lack of diagnosis criteria for use by mental health practitioners. New Child/ Adolescent Diagnosis Non-suicidal self-injury could be termed as an act of causing injuries to oneself, which is not intended to lead to death. About one-third of adolescents in the United States is said to have engaged in non-suicidal self-injury (Lloyd-Richardson 4). This is a common disorder that makes individuals in the adolescence stage to exhibit self-harming attributes. NSSI is characterized by cutting or burning oneself, hitting, pinching, banging or punching walls and other objects. Thus, it has been found to induce pain, break bones, ingest toxic substances, and interfere with the healing of wounds (Lloyd-Richardson 3).Advertising Looking for term paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Patients with NSSI report feeling minimal or no pain when carrying out these self-harming behaviors. Patients also report that the self-harming behavior becomes addictive and the person is unable to control or stop his or her impulses for self-harm. The following characteristics should be the basis of diagnosis of NSSI in adolescents (Muehlenkamp and Gutierrez 64): Depression Anxiety Eating disorders Substance use disorder Elevated rates of emotional reactivity, intensity and hyperarousal Increased avoidance behavior Decreased emotional expressivity Scars caused by self-harming beh avior Other associated disorders are the following: Developmental disabilities Eating disorders Borderline personality disorder Adolescents with NSSI are likely to report being bullied by their peers, experiencing confusion with their sexual identity, undergoing stress within their social environment, for instance, in the family or at school. Factors such as family conflicts, child molestation, and drug and substance abuse could lead to NSSI cases. Thus, it is important for parents and/or guardians to assess their children to ensure that they are not exposed to situations that could result in self-harm. Case Description Lauren is a 16-year-old girl who was sexually abused by her uncle when she was 10. She was afraid to tell anyone of the ordeal, but her mother, Kimberly, discovered that her daughter was walking in a funny way and had become withdrawn. She asked Lauren what was going on and she told her about what her uncle had done to her. Her mother took her to hospital immediat ely and reported the case to the police. The perpetrator was charged and jailed for 20 years. Lauren underwent therapy and attained full recovery.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Diagnosis in Child Psychopathology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, her abuser was recently released because of good behavior and Lauren saw it on the news. As a result, she has been withdrawn and prefers to be locked up in her room upstairs for long hours. Her mother noticed that she wears long sleeved clothes recently and one time she noticed some wounds on her wrist. This prompted her to bring Lauren in for therapy. During the session, Lauren is quiet and withdrawn. She is not willing to share her experiences with me. When I ask her if she has done anything to harm herself, she appears defensive. After several attempts and getting Lauren to come alone to sessions, she opens up about the abuse. Her mother is a single par ent. They live in a suburban neighborhood and she is afraid that if her uncle would attack her again, her mother would not be able to defend her. Lauren says that she has been experiencing panic attacks, especially when she is alone in the house. She describes it as a paralysis where she is unable to move, sweats profusely and feels like she is having a heart attack. She has also had sleep difficulties because she has nightmares and flashbacks of her rape ordeal. She says that cutting her wrists calms her down and makes her forget her fears. My diagnosis is post-traumatic stress disorder and non-suicidal self-injury. Post-traumatic disorder is triggered because of her perpetrator’s release from prison, which has been a reminder of the original effect. This can be inferred from the patient’s panic attacks, nightmares and insomnia. Non-suicidal self-injury has been the patient’s mechanism for dealing with PTSD. Cutting herself removes her from the situation and he lps her to remember that she is still alive. My recommended treatment is trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy, combined with family therapy for PTSD and providing alternative strategies for coping with stress as a treatment for NSSI. I will also encourage Lauren’s mother to make a report to the police of any attempts by the perpetrator to see Lauren again or any threats. She should also give Lauren a sense of security by ensuring that she feels safe within their home and in school. I will encourage Lauren to take self-defense classes so that she feels more secure and in control in case of an attack.Advertising Looking for term paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Article Analysis I chose to analyze the article on ‘Diagnosing the wrong Deficit’ based on the two concepts of the need to carefully examine developmental history and to ‘look for a horse not a zebra when you hear the hoof beat’ (Thakkar par. 1). In the article, the author describes a patient who came to him to confirm if he had attention-deficiency hyperactivity disorder (Thakkar par. 2). He had the typical symptoms of the disorder, including procrastination, forgetfulness, a propensity to lose things and the inability to pay attention consistently. However, the patient’s case was a violation of one important criterion of A.D.H.D, which is the symptoms. The patient’s symptoms dated back to the day when his job required him to wake up at five in the morning. However, he was a night owl. The therapist diagnosed him with sleep disorder and the patient made a full recovery (Thakkar par. 7). This was a difficult condition to diagnose, but the expe rience of the therapist helped him to make the right diagnosis. From this case, the importance of examining the developmental history of a patient is seen. In fact, all psychologists based in learning institutions should always aim at establishing developmental histories of their clients in order to arrive at the right diagnoses. It can be established that, if the therapist had failed to study the patient’s developmental history, he could not have noticed that the most important criterion for diagnosis of A.D.H.D was not met. As a result, the therapist could have made a misdiagnosis, which could have led to the lack of the patient’s recovery. Treating the wrong disorder may cause frustration in both the patient and therapist and may even lead to the development of other disorders. Another lesson can be learned on the need to ‘look for a horse not a zebra when you hear the hoof beat’ (Thakkar par. 12). It is important not to make a diagnosis based on probab ility. Occasionally, one may make a diagnosis because the patient had several symptoms that matched a given illness or disorder. In this case, if the therapist had based his diagnosis on probability, he could have made a misdiagnosis of sleep disorder. It is also important to analyze all probable diagnoses in detail before making a conclusion, but in most cases, the simplest diagnosis is usually the correct one. If the therapist had over analyzed the symptoms looking for the ‘zebra’, he could have misdiagnosed the patient. Works Cited Lloyd-Richardson, Elizabeth E. â€Å"Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Adolescents.† Prevention  researcher 17.1 (2010): 3-7. Print. Muehlenkamp, Jennifer J., and Peter M. Gutierrez. â€Å"Risk for suicide attempts among adolescents who engage in non-suicidal self-injury.† Archives of Suicide  Research 11.1 (2007): 69-82. Print. Thakkar, Vatsal G. Diagnosing the wrong deficit. 2013. Web. https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/28/opini on/sunday/diagnosing-the-wrong-deficit.html?_r=0 This term paper on Diagnosis in Child Psychopathology was written and submitted by user Guillermo Larson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Christopher Columbus essays

Christopher Columbus essays Christopher Columbus, an Italian explorer, was from Genoa. He sailed across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492. His main goal was to find a route to the Indies to be able to trade goods and to carry the message of Jesus Christ to faraway lands. Between 1492 and 1504 he took a total of four trips to the Caribbean and South America. Christopher Columbus was the oldest son of Domenico Colombo and Susanna Fontanarossa. He was born in 1451 in the Republic of Genoa, which was known as the trading center for goods from the Far East. His parents named him Cristoforo, which is the Italian name for Christopher. He had four brothers and one sister. His father was a weaver and a cloth merchant. Everyone in his family helped work in the shop. As a small child he went to a school set up by the weavers guild. The children were needed to work, therefore, school was only held for a few hours each day. They were taught math and Latin. As a teenager, his father sent him to the University of Pavia. While there, he studied geometry, astronomy, grammar, geography, the Latin language, and navigation. When he was about twenty years old he worked on a cargo ship that sailed on the Mediterranean Sea. On the first time passing the Portugal Coast, his ship was sunk by an enemy ship. He swam for six miles holding on to an oar until he reached Lagos. After spending a few months there, he went to live with his brother, Bartholomew, in Lisbon. He taught himself how to read and write in the language that the people of Lisbon used, Castilian. To earn a living, Columbus became a chart maker. The knowledge Columbus gained while collecting evidence for his charts convinced him that there were lands across the great ocean and he had to find them. Around 1480 Columbus married Felipa Perestrello e Moniz. She was the daughter of a Portuguese nobleman. After being married for about one year they moved to Porto Santa. While there, he started working on his plans to sa...

Write a paper on everything that rises must converge Research

Write a on everything that rises must converge - Research Paper Example One of the major themes in Everything That Rises Must Converge is the theme of race as one of the key social and cultural concerns in the American society in 1960s, and it is addressed and analyzed in many ways in the piece. As it is follows from the short story, there are two views on the situation that took place in the society, and they depended on people’s belonging to a particular generation. Specifically, Julian’s mother as a representative on an older generation adheres to old cultural norms of the society, meaning she does not accept any changes regarding race and social classes. In fact, she grips hold of her old-fashioned views and wants to impose them upon her son. In particular, at first convenience she tries to remind her son and, perhaps, even herself that they come from a good and respected southern family and that their ancestors were wealthy and powerful: â€Å"Your great-grandfather was a former governor of this state†, â€Å"Your great-grandfather had a plantation and two hundred slaves† (O’Connor). That is to say Julian’s mother chooses to live on her family’s greatness, which is now gone, because that gives her a sense of being as powerful and renowned as her family used to be in the past. Her behavior and overtly racist attitudes show narrow-mindedness of her generation when it comes to changes and new social norms. Overall, from how O’Connor depicts it, it follows that for Julian’s mother there is a great necessity to separate herself from African Americans who have suddenly become the equal part of the society she lives in. this is one more reason why she is used to reminding about her roots and social standing of her ancestors. She separates herself and her son from those who is different from them, and this kind of separation suggests her attitude towards African Americans is of a discriminatory character.

Civil War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Civil War - Essay Example at the sticky tag given to the deadly combat between the North and the South, the Civil War, is grossly incorrect; for the fault lines were nowhere near class struggles but on failed, incompetent leadership that sought for answers from surface judgment. Perhaps other titles would give much better description of the war. This paper traces the origins of the war, culminating to the very last event that cemented the path to war. Right from the American Revolution to the adoption of the Constitution, no one ever doubts that Americans, whether in the South or the North, had a common interest of establishing a prosperous nation. Nonetheless, the means to achieving that very end proved contentious, with sectionalism creeping in to widen the rifts between a people that had known independence for barely a century. To be sure, the origins of the civil war had roots in the first miserable boat-load of African slaves into the American soil, for without slavery, the war wouldn’t have occurred. For a time, it appeared that slavery was on its way to extinction. However, the sticky slavery-based agriculture in the South proved to be a source of beef with the industrially advanced North in the 100 years or so of independence. So intense were the gridlocks that when the Tariff legislation was finally introduced in the Congress and passed to levels considered unacceptable to a majority of southerners in favor of the North produced goods with the aid of Northern politicians, the former’s furor rose to near conflict 30 years to its actual dates, with South Carolina going on record to defy the federal tariff legislation — sparking off the Nullification Crisis (Olson, 2006, p.160). Alongside with the congress sending purging signals to the institution of slavery, underground was a group of humanists agitating for the abolition of slavery; voices which only grew louder in the north as soon it became clear that the practice was but a moral mistake. But for some sort of

The Alternative Beverage Industry Commerce Essay

The Alternative Beverage Industry Commerce Essay After analyzing the case study, we can conclude that strategically relevant components of the global and U.S beverage industry macro environment are the rapid growth of the product inclusive of high profit margin and premium pricing of alternative beverage. Each group demands for different types of alternative beverages which divide the global market into various types of products such as energy drink, sports drink, relaxation drinks. In the year of 2009, the US drink data was accounted of sport drink at sixty percent, vitamins enriched drinks and energy drinks about twenty three percent and alternative beverage sales at eighteen percent. In the context, when consumers are focusing on reducing the consumption of carbonated soft drink, alternative beverages are the medium of the soft drinks companies to maintain the sales volume growth as well as furnishing to different demographics. The number of sales of the drinks depends on the demand of the group for example children prefer juice drink, adults to energy shots, athletes to the vitamins enhanced drinks. This all demand differs alternative beverages from the usual carbonated soft drinks that people were used to drink. Now, alternative beverages offer variety of products which consumers could consume for different activities. 2. What is the competition like in the alternative beverage industry? Which of the five competitive forces is strongest? Which is the weakest? What competitive forces seem to have the greatest effect on industry attractiveness and the potential profitability of new entrants? Innovation is the vital source of creating the competition in the globalised market and alternative beverages are facing competition on the basis of differentiation from the traditional drink or the fruit juices. Alternative beverages are inclusive of vitamin enriched drinks, energy boosting drinks, sport drinks etc. and to develop the brand loyalty it totally relies on the test, properties and ingredients of the drink. To meet with the competing company works on the advertisement, brand name, nutritional properties, packaging and unique flavors. The PepsiCo and the Coco Cola having a big market share and their products have a strong presence on the consumers and the production of alternative beverages is very easy job for them. This action can dominate such channels of the alternative beverages. Therefore, from all the five competitive forces, strongest is the action of the firm which is already providing a variety of drink products. However, the weakest competitive force is the bargaining power which is exercised by the buyers only. At the time when alternative beverages were introduced company use to sell it at the high price and customers pay for it and now if customers are willing to pay a higher price for the product company will have to sell it on the same price. The established companies seem to have a greater effect on the new entrants like PepsiCo and coco cola because they already have a huge number of loyal customers that follows their brand. If they introduce a new product in contradiction to the new entrants, customers more willingly adopt their products more than the new company. 3. How is the market for energy drinks, sports drinks and vitamin-enhanced beverages changing? What are the underlying drivers of change and how might those forces individually or collectively make the industry more or less attractive? Customers are becoming more health conscious and they are aware about the positive and negative effects of the drinks. Therefore they reduced their consumption of the alternative beverages which slow down the demand and sales of the product. Due to recession customers are becoming more money conscious and spending very less in the alternative beverage and it indicates that the market becomes mature and there is no scope for longer growing. Change in the product innovation, long term growth rate and industry consolidation are the driving force of the alternative beverages. The second forces segmented with the alternative beverage industries have consolidated as the market has matured and leaders have been established for example in the year of 2010, Coco Cola controlled the Red Bull GmbH and Henson natural corporation. However, the individually or collective effect of the industry driver of change is likely to make the alternative beverage companies less attractive until and unless such companies gain a first mover advantage. 4. What does your strategic group map of the energy drink, sports drink, and vitamin-enhanced beverage industry look like? Which strategic groups do you think are in the best positions? The worst positions? Strategic group map of the energy drink, sport drink and vitamin-enhanced beverages shows that companies are competing in the scope of brand portfolio favor and geographical distribution. It indicates that the company which is competing globally and having broad brand portfolios is positioned well in the market. However, companies which are working regionally and on national distribution only or having a single brand seems to be the worst position in the industry. As per the case analysis PepsiCo and Coco cola are in the best position due to having a wide range of products and Red Bull considered as being in the worst position as they are having a low variety of products. 5. What key factors determine the success of alternative beverage producers? The following key factors determine the success of alternative beverage producers. The test should be appealing and unique to the customers. Advertising and Promotions in such an effective way that spread awareness about the products and can establish the brand image. Access to the distribution of the product in order to achieve good sales volume and market share. An innovating Product skill which can differentiate the alternative beverage from the traditional drinks. 6. What recommendations would you make to Coca-Cola to improve its competitiveness in the global alternative beverage industry? To PepsiCo? To Red Bull GmbH? According to the case, Coco- Cola should research the country and conclude about the test, customer preference and demand than introduce the product in the market. They should try and introduce new flavors also and should discontinue the non preferable and profitable products. PepsiCo has largest market share in the US as well as in the global market. In the case study it mentioned that PepsiCo had introduced alternative drinks blood shot, charge, defend and rebuild but customers are not aware about this product. Therefore, PepsiCo should enhance their marketing and promotional activities. PepsiCo could also try for more energy drinks. Red Bull GmbH should improve their strategy to increase their market share. As red bull is a very popular flavor therefore they should introduce more flavors instead of focusing on one flavor. They should enhance their water line drinks or sport line drinks. The company can research the market requirement and can develop a new line of products to become competitive in the market.

Evaluative Analysis of Interview Essay -- Sociology, Social Workers

This essay is going to analyse and evaluate an interview between a service user (actor) and a social worker (myself) in regards to the use of communication skills and the theoretical framework that underpins those skills. Firstly, the essay is going to look into definitions of communication skills and secondly we will analyse the interview interaction and relevant communication theories. According to Trevithick (2005, p 116) ‘good communication skills, particularly listening and interviewing skills lie at the heart of social work practice’. Barker (2003, p83, cited in Trevithick 2005, p 116) defines communication as ‘the verbal and non verbal exchange of information, including all the ways in which knowledge is transmitted and received’. Moreover, the National Occupational Standards for Social Work (NOSSW, 2002) stipulate that communication skills are an essential requirement for social work practice / social workers. Wilson et al (2008, p297) further argue that effective communication is underpinned by fundamental skills such as ‘the ability to demonstrate empathy, respect and authenticity’. Looking at the above evidence, it could be argued that effective communication/ communication skills is an essential social work tool. This essay is now going to analyse relevant communication skills that were /could be used in the intervie w assessment/ exercise. Trevithick, (2005, p144-145) argue that interview preparation is essential in order to identify the needs and / or expectations of all parties involved. Prior to the interview I was given a scenario which described in detail the background of a service user, Michelle, and the issues that needed to be addressed. Michele’s girlfriend, Charlie had suffered a stroke and was recovering ... ...ace’. Egan (2010, p131) argues that empathic response can be very comforting when accompanied of body language which Egan (2010) refers to as ‘visibly tuning in’. Furthermore, Wilson et al (2008, p298) argue that in order to become emotionally attuned the interviewer should pay close attention to the service user’s verbal and body language. The final part of the interview focused on Egan’s second stage: ‘The preferred picture’. In this stage, the ‘counsellor helps clients to explore and chose possibilities for a better future’. Egan (2010, p75). It could be argued that due to time constraints we could not explore this stage in depth although we managed to identify and focus on one of Michelle’s main concern. Michelle said that she was worried about their future in terms of finances and how they would cope if Charlie was not able to go back to work in the future.

Curriculum Strengths and Weaknesses

The curriculum that I have chosen is the K-12 Physical Education curriculum of a school in the United States. The strengths and weaknesses of the curriculum were assessed and are explained below. Besides this, recommendations are also provided for improving the physical education curriculum of the school. Strengths and weaknesses of the school physical education program The school-community environment was examined and the quality of the environment was considered to be moderately strong. The awareness of the mission/philosophy statement of the school is strong, but the classroom instruction does not seem to be integrated with the mission/philosophy statement of the school. The curriculum should be integrated to help the â€Å"students see and make the connections between and among subjects† (ETIM, 2005). The school environment is strong. There is general concern among the staff for the welfare of the students but more should be done to strengthen the student assistance program to help students at risk right from the elementary level. Students who have motor and fitness requirements besides emotional and other special needs are considered as at-risk students. There is strong recognition of student achievements but there is lesser recognition for the achievements of teachers and administrators. There is a need for recognizing quality teaching and this is one area where there is scope for a lot of improvement. Parent involvement is very strong and there is enough opportunities for parents to be involved in the activities of their wards. But there is scope for improvement in this area too, because getting parent input on their ward's development in a frequent and systematic manner. This is required especially in the school's curriculum, recognition and evaluation areas. There is scope for improvement in the communication and evaluation categories. The quality of communication needs to be improved especially at the elementary, middle and high school levels. The communication between classroom teachers and the physical education instructor needs to be improved. An effective communication program that highlights the activities and achievements of the physical education program is very much needed to gain much needed support for the physical education program. The goals and objectives of the school physical education program needs to be clear and as such it should improved. A clear program and instruction objectives is necessary to organize, implement and evaluate the quality of the K-12 program. If the goals and objectives of the chool physical education program are clear then designing high-quality instructional material and its evaluation becomes much easier. Also, the reports of the evaluation can be sent to the students, parents and others who are keenly involved in the development of the physical education program. There is also a need to implement, monitor and refine the school physical education curriculum to make it consistent with the resources available within the community. This is needed to eliminate redundancy and to promote a K-12 program that supports sequential learning. The secondary physical education service for students with special needs is very strong in the school overall, but there is scope for improvement of this service at the elementary school level. The quality of physical education for special students has to be improved at the elementary school level. There is scope for improvement of the program evaluation, implementation and dissemination needs for the K-12 physical education program in the school. Staff should concentrate more on improving the physical education program in the school because â€Å" a quality physical education program focuses on physical development, while integrating emotional, social and intellectual components† (Klungseth, 2009). Classroom instruction and class management are moderately strong but it should be improved to the level that it becomes absolutely strong. Currently, classroom instruction and class management are negatively impacted by the size of the class, the bigger the class the poorer the classroom instruction and class management, this situation should change. The certification process for physical education instructors should be tightened especially for activities that are considered high-risk activities. Also, the variance in qualification should be reduced for staff members in the school and it should be effectively streamlined. Staff development programs should be improved and there should be periodic evaluation of the staff. There should be involvement of the physical education director in monitoring physical education instruction, and there should be a clear role for a physical education coordinator. Information for garnering support for the physical education program should be provided to administrators by the physical education staff. The physical education facilities need to be upgraded. Currently they appear to be outdated, over-utilized and poorly maintained. Inadequate facilities can lead to injuries and poor physical education instruction. If facilities are inadequate then larger classes would thoroughly expose this problem. Poor facilities are the cause of less funds and decreased student enrollment. Student records in the physical education planning process needs to be automated. Currently the availability of equipment for this purpose is reasonably strong along with the availability of equipment for safety and medical records categories. Safety should be a top priority issue for the school, emergency action plans have to be drawn up with emergency first aid kit, telephones and supplies being made available at each teaching station. Teachers should be provided with student health information so that students are not put at risk by the physical education regimen. There is a need to improve the safety practices at the school that reduces risk to the well-being of students. Recommendations to improve the school physical education program The safety practices at the school needs to be improved, the safety practices should â€Å"recognize the risk and safety factors associated with regular participation in physical activity† (Griffey, Housener, 2007). There should be emergency action plans, telephones and first aid kit installed at all teaching stations. The process for getting student medical and health records should be improved. Staff development programs should be put in place especially in areas where there is need to improve safety practices. Proper processes and procedures should be developed for continuous evaluation of the physical education program. The program evaluation should lead to a proper assessment of the specified objectives of the program. The physical education program has to be implemented fully at all grade levels and to this extent additional physical education teachers need to be hired. Also, the standards set by the National Association for Sport and Physical Education (NASPE) should be implemented in the school. The NASPE standards â€Å"inform the teachers of the primary outcomes to be achieved in physical education at each grade level† (Lund, Tannehill, 2010) The goals and objectives of the physical education program needs to be implemented through the design of a curriculum framework. The framework should state the goals and objectives clearly and speak about the role of a comprehensive physical education program, besides, the program content should be matched with the local resources and prioritized based on the objectives of the program and the importance of the program content. Also, the program content should be in synchronization with the K-12 curriculum. The physical education program results should be summarized and provided as feedback to all stakeholders concerned besides this, adequate funds should be obtained for creating physical education facilities and for the purchase of equipment to be used at the facilities to enable the smooth implementation of the physical education program. Committees should be formed to monitor the implementation of the physical education program and to suggest and implement improvements where ever needed in the physical education program. References ETIM, J. 2005. CURRICULUM INTEGRATION K-12 – THEORY AND PRACTICE. University Press of America, Maryland. Griffey D. C. , Housener L. D. 2007. Designing effective instructional tasks for physical education and sports. Human Kinetics. Klungseth S. 2009. A comparison between public elementary physical education programs in South Dakota and the STARS criteria for high quality physical education programs. ProQuest LLC. Eisenhower Parkway, Ann Arbor, MI. Lund J, Tannehill D. 2010. Standards-Based Physical Education Curriculum. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, LLC, MA 0 1776, USA.

Development Challenges in the Context of Zimbabwe - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 17 Words: 5024 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/09/11 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? DISCUSS THE DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES IN THE CONTEXT OF ZIMBABWE. Zimbabwe as a developing state has a number of developmental challenges that emanate from different quarters within the parameters of its political, social, economic, technological and environmental set ups. This factors which are both historical and current intermingle in arresting development as to be discussed. To begin with, the past corporate driven global economic policy termed the Economic Structural Adjustment Programme of 1991 and the ratification of various trade agreements like the SADC Trade Protocol, the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA and the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD), among others are the starting points for discussing the development challenges that Zimbabwe faces today because their implementation had a long term negative contribution to the social, political, economic, political and environmental challenges that we are faced with today. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Development Challenges in the Context of Zimbabwe" essay for you Create order Prior to ESAP, the government subsidized commercial food production, provided agricultural infrastructure, inputs and credit directed mainly for maize production. With the introduction of ESAP in 1991, the government opened the agricultural sector to a market forces as dictated by the trade liberalization policies. Its introduction marked a paradigm policy shift from the state led development of the 1980s to market based economic system. This resulted in massive cuts on government expenditure and its support for essential service in the fields of education, health. It also eliminated support for producers and consumers. Due to lack of government support in the agricultural sector, which was the backbone of the country, the sector started to dwindle in performance and this together with successive droughts and an agrarian reform that was poorly planned which commenced in 2000, the country had to rely on food imports which created a big budget deficit and took away the resources which could have otherwise been channeled towards development. ESAP created a large pool of unemployed people due to company closures and this was the initial start up of the problems the country is reeling from presently. The country has not had a stable political environment emanating from the problems of ESAP. Victims of ESAP associated its effects to poor planning on the part of the ruling ZANU PF party and voices of dissent grew culminating in the formation of a labour backed party, the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) which was formed in 1999. The party presented a big challenge to the ruling ZANU PF government. There started to develop intolerance and political polarization in the country as a result of the ideological differences between the two parties. After successive elections, the two parties, ZANU PF led by President Robert MUGABE, MDC Tsvangirai faction together with another splinter group of the original MDC, which is led by Arthur MUTAMBARA finally formed an All Inclusive Government (AIG) in February 2009 through efforts of the regional bodies and the African Union as a way to stabilize the deteriorating socio-political and economic situation that was now obtaining in the country due to the polarization among the parties. This development was aimed at bringing stability and rebuild the country which had suffered at all fronts. While the AIG had some successes in its objectives, the mistrust and lack of tolerance among the working parties is threatening to wash away the little confidence that the international donor community had started to develop in Zimbabwe and thereby retarding the receipt rate for foreign direct investment to create employment in the country. Lack of direct foreign investment has led to high unemployment levels and lack of viable foreign business partnership in key economic fields like electricity generation where the sole generator of electricity, ZESA is failing to supply the market thereby subjecting the country to constant power cuts which have led to low productivity in the industry which ultimately translates into low profits and low salaries for employees. Such a scenario gave rise to the persistent labour disputes cutting across both the private enterprises and the civil service. This leaves the majority of workforce with low disposable income such that it would disable them to fend for their dependents in critical areas like health, education and basic utilities which are the primary factors in achieving development. The issue of bitter inter personal conflict between the ZANU PF principal President Robert MUGABE and MDC T leader Prime Minister Morgan TSVANGIRAI is also derailing the passing of key decisions that affect development. The Zimbabwe Independent edition of 5 to 11 February 2010, page 1, reported that Prime Minister TSVANGIRAI had rejected a directive from the Presidency directing all Ministers to report to the country’s two (2) Vice Presidents, not to TSVANGIRAI as stated in the initial agreement of the working modalities of the AIG as stated in the Global Political Agreement (GPA) that the parties signed in September 2008. As such, the process of getting executive authority to undertake key projects will be prolonged due to such fights for power and control within the government structures. This could be because each party would be after pursuing the credit for coming up with any particular positive project. Furthermore, the MDC Tsvangirai party claims that there are many outstanding issues that ZANU PF should fulfill as per the GPA agreement to which ZANU PF said that it would not cede to any demand from the MDC T until it shows commitment towards removing economic sanctions that were imposed by the Western powers at the behest of the Land reform programme. Another noted example was the decision by the MDC Tsvangirai to temporarily pull out of the AIG in 2009. All this bickering undermines investor confidence in the country and make investors hold on to their funds until a time when the situation will be conducive. The issue of undermining investor confidence can also be read in the context of irresponsible public policy announcements that the country’s political leadership has been making in regards to the return of the local currency as the legal medium of exchange. This sent a wave of uncertainty in the present and would be investors such that the present investors and players in the country’s economic field have resorted to keeping their money in external accounts in preparation for any eventuality as they view the banking sector as unstable. As such there has not been a significant growth in terms of savings and deposits while business is booming on the other hand. This also had an effect on government revenue inflows as tax payments are evaded. Western interference in the political system of the country remains another huge obstacle to the attainment of development in Zimbabwe. In 2001, the United States Government passed the Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act which imposed financial sanctions on the government of Zimbabwe and its state enterprises on allegations of misgovernance. The act makes it impossible for Zimbabwe to access financial assistance for development from the Bretton Woods Institutions. Additionally the European Union (EU) officially imposed economic sanctions against Zimbabwe. These measures, which the government says was in response to the country’s land reforms which ran contrary to the west’s imperialistic foreign policy, made it difficult for the industry which had already been ravaged by the effects for ESAP to recover. Massive company closures and retrenchments followed and household incomes were eroded and the sanctions still stand today, despite the progress the country made in addressing the political problems. Zimbabwe cannot access any funds from the major international financers outside the scope of humanitarian funds like infrastructural development. Zimbabwe remains isolated on the international scene and it has not benefited from debt relief programmes that were undertaken by the Bretton Woods Institutions. What further compounds the situation is the 19 January 2010 pronouncement by the British Foreign Secretary David MILLIBAND that the MDC Tsvangirai should advise the British government on the appropriate time to dispose the sanctions since they are the ones who instigated for their imposition. While the sanctions could have worked in favour of the MDC to obtain protest votes form the electorate they are actually affecting development on large scale due their effect on the macro and micro economic status of the country. It has also been noted that the sanctions coupled with international isolation were responsible for the failures of government initiated economic recovery programmes which were implemented since 1996 to present namely the Zimbabwe Programme for Economic and Social Transformation (ZIMPREST), Millennium Economic Recovery Programme and National Economic Revival Programme. In 2000, the Commercial Farmers Union (CFU) with assistance from the international community that was opposed to clauses that were incorporated in the draft constitution that allowed the government to compulsorily acquire land without compensation successfully campaigned for the rejection of the draft constitution in the 2000 Constitutional Referendum. In response, the government then embarked on a fast track land resettlement programme in response to the political dictates that were prevailing at the time and also to evade the legal constraints that were hindering the quitable land redistribution programme which was necessary and to also reduce the majority’s vulnerability to the structural economy. While to a greater extent the programme managed to resettle over three hundred thousand (300 000) families under its different models, not much planning had been done in regards to measures to ensure sustained production on the farms. The newly resettled farmers lacked the technic al expertise and other related resources to kickstart farming. This development coupled with the droughts that followed greatly compromised the country’s food situation. Influential politicians took advantage of their posts to effect multi farm allocations for themselves which defeated the purpose of the programme which was among other things to decongest the communal areas. Also the majority of the resettled farmers did not surrender land they held in the communal areas, such that the communal areas remained congested, allowing the environmental degradation associated with the congestion to continue. This noble cause failed to address the environmental needs of land management, which was one of its purposes due to the corrupt tendencies in the exercise. The government tried to assist the new farmers with inputs and farm equipment but the inputs were in majority cases sold on the parallel market, abused and exported to neighbouring countries in search of quick foreign currency returns by the beneficiaries while the farming equipment did not benefit the majority poor farmers but instead went to those who were politically influential. The targeted new farmers did not benefit and as such food security was not guaranteed. The programme to release the seeds and fertilizer was poorly timed such that the inputs would reach their beneficiaries long after the planting and fertilization periods. As a result a lot of money was lost in the exercise which otherwise could have benefited the nation had the arrangements been done in a more transparent and orderly manner. The international community also did not support the land reform even though requests were made at many times to the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to assist. Furthermore the 2010 budget was viewed in many circles as not having availed enough funds to the agricultural industry. While the sector represents about twenty six percent (26%) of the economy, the Finance Minister only allocated fifty million dollars (US$50 Million) to the sector and he failed to avail the funds early thereby increasing the chances of the sector failing to pick up. The country has no food reserves after the budget failed to avail funds to the Grain Marketing Board to purchase maize from farmers. This puts the sector into further doldrums. The land reform did not properly address the plight of farm workers and the majority of them were left homeless and jobless. Farms which were not meant for human habitation were even listed for resettlement through the influence of politicians who were part of the Lands Distributing Committees and these overrode advice from technical experts on proper allocation using their political muscle. This led to such ills like poaching since some people had been haphazardly resettled in animal corridors, like at Matetsi in Hwange, gold panning in Zederburg Farm in Mberengwa and Naunetsi ranch in Mwenezi. The government incurred domestic debts in trying to uplift its people but due to poor policy planning the goal was not achieved in totality. The programme had a negative bearing on the national fiscus and presently the government is still relocating some people who were improperly resettled. Also a lot of money was recently channeled to conduct audits to unearth the corrupt land allocations which could have been otherwise used for proper development projects. Additionally, Zimbabwe was also classified on the international scene as a country that do not fully protect property rights judging by loss of farms by former commercial farmers, hence an unsafe investment haven. After the devastating effects of ESAP and the recurrent droughts that followed, a large number of retrenched workers started to operate small to medium scale enterprises which included vending, flea markets. Furthermore, the able bodied rural population migrated to urban areas to escape from rural hunger, since their mainstay, agriculture had been incapacitated by droughts. Also their breadwinners in urban areas were no longer sending any income as they had been rendered jobless by ESAP. This rural-urban migration put pressure on urban areas resulting in the mushrooming of illegal settlements, vending stalls, overcrowding, and straining of the social utilities like sewage systems. This development came with associated vices like high crime rates, corruption and prostitution. To deal with this menace the government came up with Operation Restore Order of 2005 which saw the destruction of illegal structures both for vending and residential. According to UNDP estimates over seven hundred thousand (700 000) homes were estroyed and about two point five million (2 500 000) people were left homeless. The operation destroyed the income base of the most small scale business people, their residences and created mobile vulnerable people. Household incomes fell and poverty levels shot up. Property was lost in the operation. The government tried to come up with an exercise to build low cost houses and vending stalls for the victims of the operation but they were however in most c ases corruptly hijacked by those who already owned houses and had political links at the expense of the real victims. The exercise also failed to reach its intended target because the government had a limited financial capacity to fund the exercise and it never reached full completion. Up to now the majority of the houses were never completed and they do not have sewerage and water reticulation systems in place. An example can be that of the Victoria Falls Operation Garikayi compound. It also put Zimbabwe into further international isolation on allegations of human rights violations. Victims of the operation resent the government for being inconsiderate and their consent to participate in any government initiated development project is limited. Victims of the operation lost their livelihoods and they never got any compensation from the government neither were they ever later mainstreamed back into the formal economic system. The operation also consumed a lot of money in its execution and exacerbated poverty levels with the affected groups thereby creating a pool of yet another section of vulnerable people who need economic integration. The country’s investor policies are not favourable to western investors. Cited can be the Indigenization and Economic Empowerment Act. While it seeks to empower the majority blacks in the economic playfield, the Act has the potential to be hijacked by the elite few rich proletarian blacks while ultimately scaring away investors. Observers say the country currently does not have the capacity to involve its locals in such ventures due to lack of capital since the economy is still to fully recover. As such the enactment is premature and not very attractive to foreign direct investors. Recent World bank surveys covering a total of one hundred and eighty one (181) countries to determine favourable investment protection policies ranked Zimbabwe at one hundred and nineteen (119). The problems of global warming caused by poor international environmental management methods had a devastating effect on the region in which Zimbabwe is situated. The country has been experiencing recurrent droughts due to climate change. The country on its own has been contributing to global warming through its ills. Cited is the constant power cuts which cause people to resort to fossil fuels as an alternative. The Seke Communal areas of Mashonaland East have been deforested due to illegal tree cutting in search of firewood. The same scenario is developing in Emganwinini extension of Bulawayo where locals are nearly encroaching into the Matopos National Park area in search of firewood. The by-products of the firewood combustions contribute to the emissions of greenhouses gases. The effects of deforestation can also be viewed in the context of land degradation due to soil and gulley erosion after the felling of trees. This destroys land for agriculture and infrastructural expansion thereby retarding development since the majority of Zimbabweans live in rural areas and are dependent on farming. It also costs the government a lot of money to reclaim such land. Siltation of dams resulted out of soil erosion and it is limiting the availability of both irrigation and drinking water. Irrigation water is crucial for agricultural development. This problem is more pronounced in Matabeleland North province where due to high temperatures dam dry up fast. The HIV/AIDS epidemic is another major hindrance to development in Zimbabwe. Its social, economic and political effects have the capacity to retard development to a very large extent. With over twenty five percent (25%) of the adult population infected with the virus, according to World Health Organization (WHO) figures 2008 the country is in dire straits. The June 2001 UN General Assembly Special Session of HIV/AIDS, the it was declared that the spread of HIV/AIDS constituted a serious obstacle to the realization of global development goals and in that regard Zimbabwe is no exception. Due to the widespread poverty, which presents an ideal environment for the spread of HIV virus, the disease is eating away the country’s productive age groups thereby resulting in the increase in the number of orphans, the elderly and homeless children. The epidemic is also taking away both skilled and unskilled labour force from the fragile industry which is trying to pick up. Since the most vulnerable group in exploring effects of HIV/AIDS is the productive age group, household income are eroded such that poverty levels remain high. Household viability is also compromised by the epidemic. It also has an impact on food security per household especially in rural areas where they will be no energetic young people to do farming leaving the elderly and inexperienced children to do the tilling. Government sectors namely health, education and security which are crucial for creating viable human resource base for investment and secure investment environment are also being decimated by the epidemic with most teachers and health staff dying due to AIDS. Furthermore the rate of staff turnover due to HIV/AIDS impact is high in security forces namely the defence forces and ZRP such that it is difficult to replace them and to cover for their experience. According to USAID 2001 report on impact of HIV/AIDS, Zimbabwe Defence Forces had an infection rate of over fifty five percent (55%) as per 1999 statistics. This greatly limits the capacity of the defence forces to defend the country and render it unstable. The ZRP even lowered its training curriculum for recruits from one year to six months to cover up for the effect of the epidemic. This however compromises the quality of cadres produced. This reduction of staff has reduced the police to community ratios and leaving certain sections more vulnerable to crime. Insurance payouts claims are also increasing due to the impact of the disease such that the industry is now operating at high costs. Medical aid schemes have incurred high costs due to need for medical services by the infected. The government has also incur high ,medical budget costs in purchasing medication for those infected. The stagnant economic growth in Zimbabwe has in the past years forced flight of skilled labour force to regional and international markets where remuneration was far off better than that which was being offered locally. Central Statistics Office (CSO) figures of 2009 indicated that over four million Zimbabwe are in the Diaspora where they escaped economic problems. The major areas affected by this distress migration are education, medical and manufacturing sectors. A lot of medical staff, teachers, artisans and engineers left the country at the onset of economic problems. This left the country with employees who lacked experience and expertise to run strategic entities and institutions, hence greatly compromising service delivery. The country is very short of doctors, teachers and engineers. Zimbabwe Power Company (ZPC) Hwange Power Station according to their annual report of 2007 lost at total eleven (11) engineers, fifteen (15) technicians to South Africa’s Eskom. The company further lost a total of thirty five (35) artisans to South Africa, Botswana and Namibia. The same scenario also obtained at the Hwange Colliery Company (HCC) which in 2008 lost thirty four (34) employees, twenty one (21) of them in management, six (6) technical and three (3) from medical services. These are just some of the noted cases of brain drain within some strategic corporations and their replacements are hard to come by. The country is currently facing a severe skills crisis and several companies are failing to recruit locally since most technocrats left the country. This has an effect on resuscitating industry and the social services sector which are necessary to kickstart the economy. Worse still these people would have been trained using state’s resources in crafting future development of the country but then they will use their expertise to develop other countries. The issue of low salaries that do not match the regional and international levels of remuneration remain a big threat to skills retention. The Sunday mail edition of 14-20 February 2010 page 1reported that the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) was facilitating the recruitment of Zimbabwean doctors and other highly specialized medical staff to be sent to Lesotho. The medical personnel would be given salaries ranging between one thousand seven hundred dollars (US$1 700) and two thousand seven hundred dollars (US$2 700) monthly plus other very attractive fringe benefits. In Zimbabwe the same staff earn between one hundred and ninety dollars (US$190) and three hundred dollars (US300). Static cultural practices have also contributed to the stagnation of development in the country. Currently the Ministry of Health is embroiled in a problem with members of the Johane Masowe sect over the church’s refusal to have infants within their congregations immunized on the argument that they are catered for by divine protection. According to the UNICEF Zimbabwe representative, Peter SALAMA quoted in the NewsDay edition of 5 February 2010 page N1, from November 2009 to present, a total of sixty two (62) children died due to measles which could have been prevented through immunization. Of those who died ninety eight percent (98%) were from the Johane Masowe sect. Such religious beliefs increase child mortality rate which is an inhibiting factor in development. Another area of cultural practices that have the potential to retard development that still exist in Zimbabwe in the circumcision ritual that is conducted by the Baremba people who reside in parts in Midlands. This tribal group circumcises boy when they reach puberty age but the way they conduct the process exposes the boys to risks of contracting HIV/AIDS and other diseases. Besides their methods do not fully protect the boys from excessive blood loss such that at times deaths even occur. When such death occurs, they tribe blame it on the mother of the particular victim. It is believed that it would be because that the mother was a witch or was in some bad satanic business. These has been a practice that is very magnified within Matabeleland region of both legal and illegal cross border movement to South Africa and Botswana. This practice started long back to the days of booming gold and diamond mining in South Africa in the early 1920s and up to now it has been regarded as a norm that whenever a male child from the region reaches maturity age, he has to cross the border to search for money. Furthermore, the picture that is painted by those returning from South Africa and Botswana with flashy cars and a lot of disposable income tempts those who would have been left behind to go a try their luck also. That explains why there is a high number of Zimbabweans living is South Africa in many parts of Matabeleland North and South provinces. This has led to high school drop outs in the region and also parents leave for South Africa leaving child headed families in the country. Furthermore, since most of the migrants leave their families behind, they will be high risk for HIV/AIDS. The children would be expected to supervise each other in areas of schooling and morality and this gives rise to immoral behaviour among such children and high failure rates in schools. While this is not an outright cultural practice it was being socially acceptable as the norm. Poverty remains one of the major factors hindering development in Zimbabwe. It is very high in Zimbabwe with 2004 UNDP estimates putting it over eighty five percent (85%). Poverty disables those affected to access such essential drivers for development like education, proper health care, basic infrastructure and their life expectancy is low. Poverty creates a fertile ground as it makes community vulnerable to all vices that are associated with it such as crime prostitution. The recent increases in armed robberies in Zimbabwe could be attributed to increasing poverty and frustration in the people particularly those with access to firearms. Poverty thus makes a country unstable and it can give rise to such situations like riots, demonstrations and violent elections. While the country enjoys a high level of adult literacy, it has not done much in technological inventions. This could be attributed to the education system that is in operation at present. It was observed that after writing Advanced Level, students are admitted into degree programmes largely judging by the number of points one will have attained, disregarding one’s real choice. As such a person who will have aspired to be a doctor as his life will find himself being a mining engineer due to points. Students should be allowed to pursue an academic curriculum that is designed for their fields of desired profession after Ordinary Levels. This case works well in the United States of America where students are admitted into high school focusing on studies which link with their intended areas of study. Even the employment system is driven by the one’s desire to have a sustainable income than by one’s love for the trade/profession. Nepotism and corruption also characterize the employment system in the country. Through such tendencies the country finds itself employing wrong people in wrong professions. This more magnified in the civil service, where you find that even though one does not aspire to be policeman, by the virtue that he/she has a contact in the recruitment system, he/she might find himself/herself in the job which he will not be committed to. This leads to inefficiency and poor service delivery. The secondary education curriculum should at least be designed in way that allows people to choose and prepare for their desired profession at an early stage so that the right people with dedication and interests in particular jobs land them. This however can only be feasible when the government and the private sector rationalize the remuneration systems in their sectors together with the conditions of service so that there will not be great disparities. The media in Zimbabwe is a threat to development in its own dimension. The media in Zimbabwe is divided along political lines with the independent media aligned with the MDC Tsvangirai while the state media is aligned to ZANU PF. It is quite observable that the goodness or badness of a report in the media is determined by which particular political party it benefits and which paper it is reported in. That has even led to polarization in the audience of the media groups with some people viewing everything in state media as lies while others see anything in the independent media as incorrect. Worse still the country has some foreign radio station which beam directly into Zimbabwe such as Voice of America and Studio Seven. While it is necessary for media freedom to have a multi media environment, journalists in these two media sector are not advancing the interests of the people but rather of the different political groups they support. As such the Minister of Media, Information and Publicity Webster was reported to have on 04 February 2010 resolved to meet editors from the state and independent media in order to remind them that they should report responsibly. The independent media has been on the onslaught attacking government in all circles with impunity while the reverse is true for state media as it attacks activities that emanate from the opposition camps. This issue of negative and partisan reportage always puts the country on regional and international spotlight and it creates an impression that Zimbabwe is a country that is disorganized such that investors, tourists and other benefits that are suppose to come to the country will not be realized. In summing up the above it can be noted that Zimbabwe has some great challenges in attaining development. If these factors could be addressed, then Zimbabwe with its vast human, infrastructural and natural resources can be indeed the jewel of Africa. In will take co operation of all the sectors of the country to achieve this goal where national interests are put to the fold ahead of individual, partisan and greed tendencies which characterize the present scenario. REFERENCES 1. Zimbabwe Human Development Report 2003. Redirecting our responses to HIV/AIDS: Poverty Reduction Forum. Institute for Development Studies: University of Zimbabwe 2003. 2. Report of the Presidential Land Review Committee: Dr Charles UTETE 2003 3. Environment and Pollution and Control: Zimbabwe Open University: I NHAPI 2000 4. My Socio-Economic Rights: Labour and Economic Development Research Institute 2008. 5. The Zimbabwe Independent: 5-11 February 2010. 6. The Sunday Mail: 14- 20 February 2010. 7. NewsDay: 5 February 2010 8. Wikipedia Free Encyclopedia. www. wikipedia. com.